Turbine.



I 0. A. PARSONS.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION IILED 13110.12, 1908.

Patented May 17, 1910.

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G A. PARSONS.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 12, 190B.

Patented May 17, 1910.

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G. A. PARSONS.

TURBINE APP LIGATION FILED B22012, 1908.

10 SHEETS-SEE?! 4.

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TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED 1130.;2, 1908.

958 4896 Patented Ma 17, 1910.

10 EHBETS-SHIIET 5.

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TURBINE.

APPLIOATIOH FILED DEC. 12, 1908.

Patented May 17,1910.

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0. 1L PARSONS.

TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED DBO.

Patent i may 1?, 19m

10 BEEETB-SBEBT 7.

0. A. PARSONS" TURBINE.

APPLIOATIOH FILED DBO. 12, 1908.

. Patented May 17, 1910..

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- TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 12, 1908. 958,430n Patented May 17, 1910 10SHEETS-SHEET 9.

0.- A. PARSONS. TURBINE.

' I APPLICATION FILED DEC. 12, 1908. 958,430. Patented May 17, 1910 IIICHARLES ALGE-BNON PARSONS: 01?

Parents NEE ASTLE-UEON-TYNE, ENG-LAND.

TURBINE.

Specification of Lett r Patent Patented 31W,

Application filed December 1908. Serial No. 467,266.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES Anosnnon Pansons, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain and Ireland, residing at- Heston \Vorks,Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the county of Northumberland, England, haveinvented if certain new and useful Improvements lating to Turbines, ofwhich the following is; a specification. 'f i This invention relates tocompound tin"- bines of the type inwhich the velocity of the steamthrough successive rows of guides and moving blades is maintainedchiefly or entirely by dropping pressure in the rows of guides and inthe rows of moving blades, as occurs for instance in turbines providedwith what is well known as Parsons blading.

Although certain practical difficulties, including excessive clearancelosses, which are present in the high pressure parts of the turbines ofthe above type when complete or annular admission of the working fluidis arranged, can be reduced when partial admission is arranged, allprevious constructions of turbines, having this type of blading,constructed for partial admission have been found impracticable onaccount of the losses of working fluid occasioned by spilling or onaccount of the great frictional losses produced by any means hithertosuggested for preventing such spilling. The practical difiicultics abovereferred to in complete admission turbines are present in turbines usedfor marine propulsion though probably they have hitherto been most manifest in the cruising turbines uped on board ship.

The object of this invention isto provide a partial impingement turbine,with blades of the above type, which shall not only over come thedifficulties above referred to but shall also prevent detrimentalspilling losses as Well as undue frictional losses.

I am aware of course that turbines with partial impingement have beenpatented and constructed by De Laval, Curtis and others, and that suchturbines have been constructed of several wheels rotating in separatecasings or in separate chambers within one casing, each casingor chamberconstituting-a stage at the commencement of j which the Working fluid ispassed through jets to impart a high velocity to it and throughout whichstage the fluid acting on the blades remains at a practically constantpressure.

As however there is thus little or no difierence of pressure in thefluid acting on the blades at the several sets of moving blades andguides in each individual chamber there is in such turbines no seriousspilling of working fluid to cause difficulty.

\Vhen compound turbines are designed for slow s weeds of revolution andare'conse quently 0 large diameter, the height-of the blades ior' agiven power becomes veryyshort, and the proportion of leakage throughthe clearance spaces becomes large and detrimental to efiiciency. Forexample in the high pressure end of a cruising turbine of large powerthe rotating blades may be as short as one quarter of an inch while theclearance space required may be as much as one twenty fifth of an inchwhich causes in some cases such a great leakage of working fluid in thehigh pressure part of the plant that it is even necessary to reduce theavailable steam. pressure of working fluid passing to the cruisingturbine considerably below that for which the turbine intended so as todiminish the loss of economy occasioned by excessive leakage.

Attempts have been made to reduce the proportion of clearance byblocking the guide ring save for a small sector of guides and increasingthe height of the blades; but this measure not only failed much toreduce the leakage but introduced so much skin friction between themoving blades and the large surface of the blockings as to destroy itsutility. V

The present invention consists in dividing a compound turbine of thetype referred to in the beginning of this specification into a number ofseparate elements working in separate chambers, each element having aplurality of rotating rings of blades alternating with segmental guideswhich terminate in short end-blockings.

The invention also consists in the division of a. compound turbine oi:the type referred to into a number of separate wheels and drums on oneor more shafts and working in separate chambes, the wheels or drumsbeing sullicient in number to insure that only a moderate pressure dropshall take place in each chamber, and each Wheel or drum havingasuliicicntly small number of rows of blades to reduce the loss arisingfrom spilling of the steam atthe ends of the sectors ot guides to asmall quantity.

By the use out sectors of guide blades Without continuous blockings, thedifiiculty of skin friction is overcome and my invention enables partialadmission to be applied to compound turbines with Parsons blading andalso permits of the diameter of the turbine and the height of the bladesto be largebyincreased While Qhe speed of the turbins. for goodelficiency may be largely reduced and an increased steam pressure may beused advantageously.

The invention further consists in propel.- .ling machinery for vesselsin which the higher stages of the expansion of the lVOIiL ing fluid areeffected in one or more of my 0 partial admission turbines herein sel;forth,

the remainder of the expansion being offooted in. any-other suitableturbine whether of complete or partial admission or impingeinenl; hype.Such a construction of -eurhine specially Well adapted to serve ucruiskg turbine in marine propulsion, its consumption. of steam being sovery economical as compared with that of e. cruising turbine of usualconstruction us greatly to improve the performance of the whole planl.during eruisina': ii; is also vcr' aoblicable i0 Sl1.l)S Q of low speedsuch as cargo boats and i11l1ermediate liners. Moreover rho constructionlendsitself to great facility of control oi the heroine without reducingthe initial pressure oil she WOIlilKg fluid to the lurune.

i hen the invenii n is applied for stationery purposes I may or maynotursangc it. in ilie with a. turbine of Pursous complete or annularadmission pal-ullel radial flow type. lfiicn it 1n the some as anannular l'low turbine the whole e oansion may be completed in the 0: ngaliliough of course if preferred the p rallel llcw annular impingementportion may be in several casings. For marine purposes i: prefer usuallyentirely to separate the partial admission from the complete admissionportion, although even for marine purposes 1 may sometimes use thepurtiul iiow formation for the high LHHDSJTUO stages the annularformation for the low pressure portion, whether the partial llow portionis used merely as a cruising turbine or as part or the portion of themain propelling machinery oi any marine installation.

In the accompanying drawings, l have illustrated three forms of theinvention; the first, illustrated in Figures 1 lo 12, shows a turbineaccording to one conslructum in which partial admission portion, having,a single line of steam guides, is combined Within a casing with. acomplete admission parallel flow Parsons turbine, the mo pension beingcompleted in the single was ing; the second illustrated in Figs. 1? to17, shows a. modified form of the previous mentioned construction inwhich there are three whole of the high pressure coarse lines of steamguides; the third, illustrated in Figs. 18 to 24- shows a turbine asarranged in one manner to serve as a cruising turbine in marinepropulsion, or for the high pressure siege in a slow speed vessel.

Referring to the drawings in detail, Fig. l is a sectional elevation ofa combined partial and complete admission turbine, the lower half of lherotor being. shown in elcvation, Fig. 2 is a developed sectional diagramthrough the guide scclors and end bloc-kings of the partial admissionportion of the tilrbinc. The working blades are not shown in lliisfigure. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are sectional views of the rotor and casing onthe lines A A, B B and C C oi Fig. l, rcspcclively, looking in thedirection of the arrows. l igs. (5, 7 and 8 are similar views to Figs.3, a and 5 but showing only the upper portion of lhe casing, the rotorbeing re: 8 moved to show more clearly the guide sectors. Fig. 9 is anenlarged view of the upper left hand portion of Figs], showing thepackingand bladesflhc seclion being taken through the middle of thepassage ways of the working fluid. l-ig. 10 is a C(HI'PSJ'XJIlCl- .ingpart sectional elevation on the line 1) D of Fig. 3. l ig. ll u crossscclioua'l view of one of the end blocliings. Fig. 12 is a developedscclional plan through the set of guide blades and end bloch'ings of thefirst. chamber shown in Figs 1- and 9. Figs. 13 and" 14; are viewscorrcspoiulinglo lfigs. 1 and 2 of a n'mdlliod form of the invention inwhich lhrec slczuu ways urc arranged instead of only one. Figs. 15, 1Gand 17 are cross scclional views on the lines F l, G G, and ll ll, ofFig. 1.3 rcspcclively, looking in lhc dirccl-irm ol'lhe arrows. Fig. 18is a central l mgiludinal scclioual elcvalion of a lurbino in which onlya purl of the expansion of {he steam is all'cclcd and as arruugcd in onemanner for nulrine purposes, lhc lui'biuc here i'c u'oscillml beingsuilablo for use as a -ruising* turbine. Fig. ll) is u developeddiagl'auuuulic swcllonul view ol the guide soclol'sand endblockingshowinglhl'ccscpal'ulo sloum passages, lhc rol'uling bladesbeing oluillcd. Figs. 20, 21 and ul'c cross secliouul view on lho linesl l, .l .l and K K, ro pccliwly ol l ig. '18 but (mulling-parts such as('UillIOlllllQ valves and wheels which would appear in olcvulion. Fig.223 is a hall plan ol Fig. 181ml wilhlhcrcgululing valves and lhcivconlrolling gumromovod. Fig. fil is an end chrvaliou of Fig. 18 viewedFrom lluinlvl: end. lhis figure showing :ll'. ils up- [)(l' lol'l])(H'll()]] in section one of lhe roglh laliug vulvus which are used inlho righl and loll sluum ways. Fig. 25 is :1 longiludiual scclional viewolu form of draimlcviccsuilable lo! use in my purliul admission turbine.l igs. 90, 27 and 28 are scclious on lhc lines i.- L, M lsi, N Nrespoclivcly of Fig. 25.

in carrying the invention inlo cllcct uc cording to I divide ibli bluecas Short W partition ally in r thee 'jccix o; 3 end. i vent spillingout of the ferential dii'eciicn. 1'?" the end l'llccirin s of thatWilley do nor eiciend They are preferably For, than the guides and radjacent in the longi'i. Lion; except, however, h I blank ended sect tlhi large clearances in t e I avoid excessive slr' i blockings may benstrucied 0 nos ated or soft material so as to ovoid lbii. of damage toi he moving blades, and ihey 1" project radially ord from the casing verclose to she surface of the drum or with su fiiciens clearance to i anyof the usual Io ms of pack" l( r sXfll'lilPlQ as d soniewh a;

a, number of 7 m, shown in full lines in lungs. 1G and L and in dolledlines in Fig. 12

The guide blade sectors and the, blanks are preferably secured. ingrooves cu;- in a raised portion, n, of the casing.

To obtain increasing volumetric gcapiuiitj, JlZQ sectors are ofprogressiwzly increasing ize toward lhe exhaust end of the lurhine;

the blades toward the e may be arranged with obliui" way whi h i 1 mayhe K? i cgposire The Working; fluid, throughout to he sieam, although itmight be any other suitable expar iolc fluid, supplied ,1 c pa passesinto the chamber, Z), zo rho first throu ring oi rol' second gin :age 0,Figs. 1, 2, 9 and l. ting blades and so on, the steam from the fing ofblades on the drum, h, being delivered through the opening, 25, in thepartition, a, re the first guide sector in the next chamber, As the lastrow of blades on the drum, ii, is in close proximity longitudinally (seeFigs. 9 and 12) to the faces, 09, ai the sides of the opening, Z,leading to the first sector of guides in the next chamber, 0, ihe steamwill spill only our of the first few sectors into the chamber, 7), andwill reenter he main flow at the succeeding sectors/of has chamber, thepressure in whichl will be ,pproximatcly a mean between that of the.ntering and delivering pressures to and MORE it. The loss due tospilling is actually a very small amount.

l rorn the first chamber the steam passes iliroug'h the line of sectorsin the second and third chan'ibers, the split steam being colleci'cd andreused in each chamber before lacing delivered to the next chamber or to,ihc next turbine element which may pari ially or entirely complete theexpansion. This other element i shown in Fig. l, as a complete orannular iHlIIllHSlOll Parsons Lurbinc of the ordinary parallel flow typehaving complete rings of guide blades on the casing, 8, alternating withrings o'l roary blades on the drum, 5), and having a dummy piston, 7, tobalance the end thrust this element.

if desired live steam may be delivered from a passage, in, Figs. 1 and 9direct to he second clnnnbcr, 0, similar passages may be provided at anyof the other stages of lhe lurbinc.

it will be well understood that with a par iial admission turbine havingParsons type or blading there will be steam and thrust to balance. -Aconvenient way of ellccting the balancing of the thrust is shown in ligs. 1, 2, S) and 12, in which the drums are represented as carrying atboth sides packing rings, Z, coacting with sognienizal strips, 5, on theiIllCI'lUl' oi the casing all right and left to form segmental labyrinthpar-kings, j/ and 2, the stcai'n pressure on area of the scgmci'italpacking, 11/, in a 'dii'ccliun opposite lo the flow of the steam liminggreater than that on 2, in the direclion of [low of the steam. The areathus allorded however is generally not suiiicici'it io halancc the steamthrust on the blades, but it is not desirable to increase the diametersoi the drums at The packings, 7/, be-

ause by doing so the steam passage Ways r, 0'', u, v, become undulycurved; obviously they should be kept as nearly straight as possible. inorder to make up the necessary area for complete balancing, the bosseson the drums may be provided. at the end Walls of their respectivechambers with packings of liamcl'ers which decrease progressivelylimvurd Elie exhaust end. -Thus in the form shown in Fig. 1, the drum,72-, is provided on the left with a labyrinth packing, 2, closing offthe chamber, 6, from a space, 3, at the inner end of the gland, 10, andon the right with a similar packing, 4-,-but of considerably smallerdia.1neterin the partition wall, 0. The drums, z' and j, in thechambers, and 11, are provided on the right with labyrinth packings, 5and G, the packin 5, being of smaller diameter than l', and the packing,(3, being of smaller diameter than It is not however always necessary tomake the packings, 4-, a, (i of diiierent diameters; they may be made ofthe same diameter, and the necessary thrust for the three drums providedby making the packing, 2, of sufliciently larger diameter than thepackings, 4, 5 and (3, to make up the desired area for balancing.

The steam delivered from the last partial impingement portion of theturbine may have access through the interior of the drum of the completeimpingement low pressure turbine. to.the dummy piston, 7, a pipeconnection (not shown) being preferably provided to put the interior ofthe drum, 9, into conimunication with the space, 3., so that the samepressure shall exist; in both places.

It is desirable to provide a large drain water space, '12, in eachsection of the partial admission part, as shown in F 1., 3, 1, 5 and 25,these spaces being preferably furnished with strainers, 13, 13. Thedrain spaces are preferably controlled by a single valve, 14, such asthat shown. in Figs. 25 to 28, the. valve tapering so as to provide anincreased opening toward the low pressure end.

I sometimes prefer to let the steam discharged from the last set of themoving blades oi any chamber of toe partial admission turbine deliverfreely into that chamber instead of employing faces such as .u, shown inFigs. 9 and 12 to prevent such tree discharge. In this case the spillinglosses will be greater because the steam will be spilt at each and allof the sectors in the chamber and mingled with the ex iaust. prpper,will. pass on to the succeeding chamber.

Although in the form of the invention above described and illustrated, asingle steam way only is provided through the partial impingen'ientportion of the turbine several such steam ways may be provided atsuitable distances around the turbine or by very little modifications tothe arrai-igement according to Figs. 1 to 12 several steam ways may beformed adjacent to one another; in either case-the steam supplies to theseveral steam ways may be separately controlled. Thus, in Figs. 13 to17, the sector of guides are divided by two sets of blanlv's, 1 1 and15, the passageways in the division walls being correspondingly dividedas shown in Fig. 11-.

The three steam ways (see Fig. 15) are supplied with steam -from thethree pipes, 16, 17 and 18, each of which 1s preferably controlled by avalve operated by hand or from a governor. All the passage Ways or onlythe side ones may if desired be provided with live steam admission portssuch as 21 and 22 also controlled by hand or auton'iati'cally. .In otherrespects the turbine according to Fig.13 is similar to that describedwith reference to the previous figures.

It will be noticed that the partial admission (high pressure) portion ofthe turbine according to this invention is made of practically the samediameter as the annular admission (low pressure) portion instead ofbeing made much smaller than the latter as is usual when the highpressure portion consists of an annular admission turbine. As thepermissible diameter of the high pressure portion is thus increased, Iam able to obtain lower speeds of rotation While retaining theadvantages resultin from the employment of blading of the "Parsons type.

In carrying the invention into elfect in suitable form for a cruisingturbine or low speed turbine very little structural modification iscalled for but it is generally desirable to construct the partialadmission turbine in a casing which is entirely separate from the casingor casings of the turbine or turbines in which the expansion of thesteam is completed.

In Figs. 18 to 24 there is shown a suitable construction of cruisingturbine, or turbine for a slow speed vessel in which turbine fourseparate chambers, Z), c, d and 25 are provided and three steam ways,supplied from three separate steam supply passages 16, 17 and 18, areformed by placing intermediate blanks, 14t+and 15, in the guide sectorsand passages in the partition walls 6, and ,7, the steam passages 16, 17and 18, be ing separately controlled by step valves, 26, 27 and 28 (seeFigs. 23 and 24). Each of the side steam ways through the guide sectorsis controlled by a set of regulating valves, 30, 31 and 32 which work inslots 33 3-1 and 35, in the casing and close upon the partition walls,e, f, g. The valves, 30, 31 andf32 on each side are preferably operatedthrough bevel. wheels, 36, and a rod 37 controlled by a handv wheel 88,or other suitable means. The valves 26 and 28, may if desired be. linkedto the corresponding set of regulating valves 31 32 to enable all thevalves in each line of flow to be controlled or closed by one wheel. Asshown in Figs. 20 21. and 22 the casing excepting at the sectors iscarried a. long way clear of the endsof rotating blades (represented bythe dotted line, 40, in these figures) and a drain pocket, 11, closed bya strainer plate 13 001- lects the condensed waterwhich is removedseaeso through a common drain valve, 14, such as that already describedwith reference to Figs. 25 to 28. lhe steam delivered from the lastwheel of this turbine passes through three passages, d2, 43 and 4A to acommon collecting pipe, 45, which conducts it to the turbine element orelements in which the expansion will be completed. Valves similar tothose in the side passages may be placed in the passages, 42,4:3, ander, and controlled simultaneously with or independently of the sidepassage valves. When used for marine purposes this turbine may beconnected in series or parallel series or in any other suitable mannerwith the remainder of the propelling plant. Such a turbine mayconveniently be used alone or in combination with other elementsforreversing. Provision similar to that described with reference to Fig. 1may be made in the marine turbine for the purpose of balancing the steamthrust, but if desired the thrust of the propeller shaft may be used forthis purpose. In this form of turbine as in the others previouslydescribed herein the running blades have large clearance in the chambersexcept over the comparatively small area between the blockin 's of thesector, the arran ement of which in relation .to the running b ades issubstantially the same as that described with reference to Figs. 9 to12.

The wheels of all the turbines are preferably provided at the sides withsheet metal perforated plates, 23, (see particularly Figs. 18 and 20) toserve as windscreens and reduce the resistance to rotation.

As shown in the diagrams the height of the blades is kept the samethroughout the partial tlow portion and the width of the sectors betweenthe end blockings as well as the width of the partition opening is madelarger as the steam pressure decreases in Figs. 1 and 13 and inchambers, b and c, of Fig. 18. The turbine may however, be constructedso that the widths of sector and partition openings are kept constantbut the heights of the blades increased as the steam pressure decreases,or the angle of the blades may also increase toward the exhaust toincrease the volumetric capacity in a manner well understood by thoseacquainted with turbine design. It will be understood of .course that inrespect of the details of blade shapes, spacings and angles, thedrawings throughout are diagrammatic only.

linstead of constructing the rotor of the turbine with drums havingspokes, I may,

if preferred, employ disks.

My partial flow turbine may be used in combination with anyothersuitable type 'of turbine.

A turbine composedof artiaiflow and annular flow elements as in ig. 1 orFig. 13, may be used for the high pressure turbine in .ergy, tendingover said reaction means and term! marine work whether such turbineeffects in itself the complete expansion of the steam or,whether withsuitable modifications it is arranged to exhaust into other turbineswhich complete the expansion.

In all the forms of my partial admission turbine it is important thatthe number of separate chambers shall be such that only a. moderatepressure drop shall take place be tween the inlet and outlet of eachchamber and that the number of blades in any chamber shall be small inorder to limit the possibilities of spilling for it will be readily seenthat the more rows of blades there are i used in any chamber the moreopportunitiesthere are for spilling to occur.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:- I

1. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energywhile simultaneously fur ther convertingsaid pressure energy into kinetic energy, said converting means onlypartly extending over said reaction means and terminating in short endblockings-to form impingement zone or zones.

2. A turbine having in combination within a casing a number ofsuccessive stages each of which comprises a plurality of means forfractionally converting the pressure energy of the working fluid intokinetic energy, said converting means being carried by the turbinecasing, reaction-means inter- )osed between said converting means forlransforming said kinetic energy into mechanical energy whilesimultaneously further converting said pressure energy into tion meanson said rotor element interposed between said converting means fortrans' formingsaid kineticenergy into mechanical energy whilesimultaneously further converting said pressure energy into kineticensaid converting means only partly exnating in short end blockings toform impingement zone or zones;

4. A turbine having in combination within a casing a number ofsuccessive stages each of which comprises a plurality of means forfractionally converting the presmentvzone or zones.

6 cameo sure energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, a rotorelement, reaction means on said rotor element interposed between saidconverting means for transforming said kinetic energy into mechanicalenergy While simultaneously further converting said pressure energy intokinetic energy, said converting means only partly extending over saidreaction means and terminating in short end blockings to formimpingement zone or zones.

5. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working fiuid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously further convertingsaid pressure energy .into kinetic energ said converting means onlypartly extending over said reaction means and terminating in short endblockings to form impingement zone or zones, the area of saidimpingement zone or zones increasing gradually in the direction of flowof the working fluid through each stage.

6. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously further convertingsaid pressure energy into kinetic energy, said converting means onlypartly extending over said reaction means and terminating in short endblockings to form impingement zone or zones, the area of saidimpingement zone or zones iicreasing gradually in the direction of newof the working fluid through each stage, the increase in area beingobtained by increasing the circumferential width of the impinge- 7. Aturbine having a number of successive stages, each of which comprises aplu rality of means for fractionally converting the pressure energy ofthe working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed betweensaid converting means for transforming said kinetic energy intomechanical energy while simultaneously further converting said pressureenergy into kinetic energy, said converting means only partly extendingover said reaction means and ter mina'ting in short end blockings toform impingement zone or zones, and means for re ulating the supply ofworking fluid to said impingement zone or zones.

8. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each. of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for trans extending over saidreaction means and terminating in short end blockings to form two ormore consecutive impingement zones, a single blocking being placedbetween adjacent zones.

9. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working iiuid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously further convertingsaid pressure energy into kinetic energy, said converting means onlypartly extending over said reaction means and terminating in shortendblockings to form two or more consecutive impingement zones, a singleblocking being placed between adjacent zones, and means placed betweenthe successive stages to control the flow of working fluid through someof the impingement ZOIIGS.

10. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each oil whichcomprises a plu rality of means for fractionall converting the pressureenergy of the working fluid into kine ic ener reaction means interposedbetween said converting means for trans- .forming said kinetic energyinto mechanical energy while simultaneously further converting saidpressure energy into kinetic cnergv, said converting means only partlyextending over said reaction means and terminating in short endblockings to form two or more consecutive impin ement zones, a singleblocking being placed between adjacent zones, and means for supplyingwork ing fluid separately to each impingement zone. 7

11. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally conver the pressureenergy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously further convertingsaid pressure ,energy into kinetic, energy, said converting means onlypartly extending over said reaction means and terminating in short endhlockings to form two or more consecutive impingement zones, a singleblocking being placed between adjacent zones, means for supplyingworking fluid separately to each impingement zone and means forcontrolling such supply.

12. A turbine raving a number of successive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting i thepressure energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously further con l jvert-ing said pressure energy into kinetic energy, said converting meansonly partly extending over said reaction means and terminating in shortend blockings to form two or more consecutive impingement I zones, :1single blocking being placed lie-H tween adjacent zones, meansplacedhetween the successive stages to control the new of working fluidthrough some of the impingement zones, and means for supplying Workingfluid separately to each impingement zone.

13. A turhine havingg numb-er oi sive stages, each of which comprises aplurality of means for fractionally converting; the pressure energy ofthe Working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction means interposed betweensaid converting means for transforminn' said kinetic energy intomechanical energy while simultaneously further convex-ting said pressureenergy into kinetic energy. said converting means only partly extendingover said reaction means and terminating in short eiul hlockings to formtwo or more consecutive impingement zones, a single blocking beingplaced between adjacent zones, means placed. between the successivestages to control the low of working fluid through some of theimpingementzones, and means for supplylng working fluid separately toeach impingement zone,

and means for controlling, such separate sunply.

14 A turbine having a number of successive stages, each of whichconnn-ises a )lurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working fluid.

into kinetic energy, reaction means interposed between said convertingmeans for transforming said kinetic energy into mechanical energy Whilesimultaneously further converting said pressure energy into kineticenergy, said converting means only partly extending over said reactionmeans and terminating in short end lolpckings to form two or moreconsecutive impingement zones, or single blocking being placed betweenadjacent zones, means placed between the sn 2' cessive stages to controlthe dew oi wort- 1; fluid through some of the im i ngementsc.

and means for simultaneous y operating all of said means controlling thein-W of WOl'lT: ing fluid through a single impingement none,

15. A turbine havin a number of successsive stages, each of W llCllcomprises plurality of means for tract-ini ially conver 'n' the pressureenergy of the Working finial a number of sucv 'cli comprises a t flllxwally convert the Working fluid l iction means interrting means for i iinto is sirnulmneously (1. pressure energy 1i converting means o er saidreaction it short end blocki lpunsicn is com leted, ,.nation successiveor i 4 ing the pressure em; 7 of the Well-ring acid into kinetic one y,said convei ing means being carried by turbine (sing, reaction meansinterposed between sa-io converting means .etic energy into nsitorming 1energy 3A means. Hock no i lf'mihs verting said pressure energy intokinetic energy, said converting means only partly extending over saidreaction means and terinitiating in short end blockings to formimpingement zone or zones, the working fluid passing from the last ofsaid stages into an annular admission reaction turbine in which \ltSexpansion is completed.

19. A turbine having in combination within a casing anumber ofsuccessive stages each of which comprises a plurality of meansfor-fractionally converting the pressure energy of the working-fluidinto kinetic energy, a rotor elei'nent, reaction means on saidrotbrelement interposed between said converting means for transformingsaid kinetic energv into mechanical energy while simultaneously furtherconverting said pressure energy into kinetic energy. said convertingmeans only partly extending over said reaction means and terminating inshort end blockings to form impingcmcnt zone or zones, the working fluidpassing from the last of said stages liitOtlll annular admissionreaction turbine in which its expansion is completed.

2!). A turbine having a nun'iber ot' suc- ('essive stages. each of whichcomprises a 1 plurality of means for fractionally convert ing thepressure energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said. converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously tur-' thz-rconverting said pressure energy into kinetic energy, saidconvertingmeans only partly extending over said reaction means and terminating inshort end blockings to form impingement zone or zones, the area of saidimpingement zone or zones increasing gradually in the direction of flowoi the working tluid through each stage, the work ing fluid passing fromthe last of said stages into an annular admission reaction turbine inwhich its expansion is completed.

21. ft turbine having a number of succt-ssive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, I'OtlCtlOIllIiUtlflhinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into me chanical energy while simultaneously further convertingsaid pressure energy into kinetic energy, said converting means onlypartly extending over said reaction means and terminating in short endhlockings to form impingement zone or zones the area of said impingementzone or zones increasing gradually in the direction of flow of theworking tluid through each stage, the in crease in area being obtainedby increasing the circuml crential width of the impingement zone orzones, the working fluid passing from the last of said stages into anannular admission reaction turbine in which its expansion is completed.

A turbine having a number of successive stages, each of Which comprisesa plurality of ineansfor-fractionally convertmg the pressure energy ofthe Working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction means interposed betweensaid converting meansfor transforming said kinetic energyintoniechanical energy while simultaneously fur ther converting saidpressure energy into kinetic energy, said converting means only partlyextending over said reaction means and terminating in short endblockings to form impingement zone or zones, and means so for admittingworking fluid separately to any of said stages.

A turbine having-in combination within a casing a number of successivestages each of which comprises a plurality of means for fractionallyconvertin the pressure energy of the working fluit into kinetic'energy,a rotor element, reaction means on said rotor element interposed betweensaid converting means for transforming said kinetic energy intomechanical energy while simultaneously further converting said pressureenergyinto kinetic energy, said converting means only partlyexteiidingover said reaction ineiuisand terminating in short end lilockings toterm impingement zone or zones, and means for admitting working fluidseparately to any of said stages.

25L. A turbinehaving a number of successive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously further convertingsaid pressure" energy into kinetic energy, said converting means onlypartly extending over said reaction means and terminating in short endblockings to form impingement zone or zones, the area of saidimpingement zone or zones increasing gradually in the direction of flowof the working fluid through each stage, and means for admi ttingworking fluid separately to any of said stages.

A turbine having a number of successi've stages, each of which comprisesa plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressure energy ofthe workingtluid into kinetic energy, reaction means interposed betweensaid converting meansfor transforming said kinetic energy intomechanical energy while simultaneously t'urther converting said pressureenergy into kinetic energy, said converting means only partly extendingover said reaction means and terminating in short end hlockings to formtwo or more consecutive impingement zones, a single blocking beingplaced be- 330 tween adjacent zones, and means for admitting workingfluid separately to any of said sta es 26. [t turbine having a number ofsuccessive stages, each of which comprises aplurality of means forfractionally converting the pressure energy of the working fluid intokinetic energy, reaction means interposed between said converting meansfor transforming said kinetic energy into mechanical energy whilesimultaneously fur admission reaction turbine in which its ex-- pansionis completed,

27. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for transforming saidkineticlenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously furtherconverting said pressure energy into kinetic energy, said convertingmeans only partly extending over said reaction means and terminating inshort end blockings to form two or more consecutive impingement zonesasingle blocking being placed between adjacent zones, and means foradmittingworking fluid separately to any of said stages, the workingfluid passing from. the last of said stages into an annular admissionreaction turbinein which its expansion is completed.

28. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each of whichcomprises a plurality of means for fractionally converting the pressureenergy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, reaction meansinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously further convertingsaid prcssureenergy into kinetic energy, said converting means onlypartly extending over said reaction means and terminating in short endblockings to form impingement zone or zones, means for drainingcondensed working fluid from said stages, said means providing anopening from each stage increasing in area in the direction of flowofthe working fluid whereby each stage is drained in the same intcrval oftime.

29. A turbine having in combination within a casing a number ofsuccessive stages each of which comprises a plurality of means foriractionally converting the prcssure cncrgy of the working fluid intokinetic energy, a rotor element, reaction means on said rotor elementinterposed between said converting means for transforming said kineticenergy, into mechanical energy while simultaneously further convertingsaid pressure energy into kinetic energy, said converting means onlypartly extending over said reaction means and terminating in short endblockings to form impingment zone or zones, means for draining condensedworking fluid from said stages, said means providing an opening fromeach sta e increasing in area in the direction of flow of the workingfluid whereby eachv stage is drained in the same interval of time.

30. A turbine having a number of successive stages, each ofwhich-comprises a plurality of means for fractionallyv converting thepressure energy of the wprking fluid into kinetic energy, reactionqneansinterposed betwcen said converting ant-ans for transforming said kineticenergy into mechanical energy while simultaneously further convertingsaid pressure energy into kinetic encrg said converting means onlypartly extenting over said reaction means and terminating in short endblockings to form two or more consecutive impingement zones, a singleblocking being placed between adjacent zones, means for supplyingworking fluid separately to each impingement 'zone and .means forcontrolling such separate supply, means for draining condoused workingfluid from said stages, said means providing an opening from each stageincreasing in area in the direction of flow of the working fluid wherebyeach stage is drained in the same interval of time.

31. A turbine having in combination a casing, partitions dividing saideasing into a number of compartments, a pluralityof sectors of guideblades of the Parsons type carried by said casing within eachcompartment, a rotor element in each of said compartments, a pluralityof rows of Parsons type blading carried by said rotor and interposedbetween said fixed sectors, short end blockings at each side of saidsectors of guide. blades to form impingement zone or zones whereby skinfriction and spilling losses are avoided.

32. A turbine. having in combination a :asing, partitions dividing saidcasing into a number of con'ipartments, a plurality of sectors of guideblades of the Parsons type carried by said casing within eachcompartment, a rotor element in each ot'said compartments, a pluralityof rows of Parsons typo blading carried by said rotor and interposedbetween said fixed sectors, short end blockings at each side of saidsectors of guide blades to form impingement zone or zones whereby skinfriction and spilling losses are avoided, the circumferential length otsaid sector of guide blades being 33. A turbine having in combination acasing, partitions dividing said easing into I anumber ot' compartments,a plurality of sec tors of guide blades of the Parsons type carried bysaid casing within each compartment, a rotor element in each of saidcompartments, a plurality of rows of Parsons type blading carried bysaid rotor and interposed between said fixed sectors, short endblockings at each side of said sectors of guide bladcsto formimpingement zone or zones whereby skin friction and spilling losses areavoided, and an annular admission reaction turbine within the samecasing and receiving the working fluid exhausted from the last of saidcompartments.

34. A turbine having in combination a casing, partitions dividing saideasing into a number of compartments, a plurality of sectors of guideblades of the Parsons type carried by said casing within each conrpartment, a rotor element in each of said compartments, a plurality ofrows of Parsons type blading carried by'said rotor and interposedbetween said fixed sectors, said sectors of guide blades terminating inshort end blockings to form two or more con secutive impingement zones,a single blocking being placed between adjacent zones.

35. A turbine having in combination a casing, partitions dividing saideasing into a number of compartments, a plurality of sectors of guideblades of the Parsons type carried by said casing within eachcompartment, a rotor element in each of said compartments, a pluralityof rows of Parsons type blading carried by said rotor and interposedbetween said fixed sectors, said sector of guide blades terminating inshort end blockings toio-rm two or more eonsecuti've impingement zones,a single bloei' ing being placed between adjacent Zones, and an annularadmission reaction turbine within the same casing and receiving theworking iiuid exhausted from the last of said compartntents.

36. A turbine having in combination a casing, partitions dividing saideasing into a number oi connnirtments, a plurality of sectors of guideblades of the Parsons type carried by said casing within eachcompartment, a rotor element in each of said compartments, a pluralityof rows of Parsons type blading carried by said rotor and interposedbetween said tixed sectors, short end blockiugs at each side of saidsectors of guide blades to form impingement zone or zones whereby skinfriction and spilling losses are avoided, means for draining con dousedworking fluid from said stages, said m ans providing an opening fromeach stage increasing in area in the direction of flow of the Workingfluid whereby each stage is drained in the same interval of time.

37. In combination within one casing, a turbine of the partialimpingement type having Parsons blading and short end blockings for thesectors of guide blades, and an annular admission reaction turbine.

38. A turbine having in combination a casing, partitions dividing saideasing into a number of compartments, a plurality of sectors of guidebladesv of the Parsons type carried by said casing within eachcompartcompartment and mounted on said shaft a plurality of rows ofParsons type blading carried by said rotor and interposed between saidfixed sectors, short end blockings at each side of said sectors of guideblades to fori'n impingement zone or zones, packings between said rotorelements and the casing or partitions, the packing in front of saidrotor element in the direction of flow of the working fluid beingsubjected to a greater pressure than the packing at rear of the samerotor element whereby a certain amount of thrust in a direction oppositeto the flow of working fluid is produced, packings between saidpartition and said shaft, a packing between said shaft and the casing,this packing being of larger diameter than the paekings between theshaft and the partition whereby a further thrust is produced in adirectionopposite to the flow of steam.

, 39. A turbine having in combination a casing, partitions dividing saideasing into a numbercf compartments, a. ,plurality of sectors of guideblades of thelarsons type carried by' said casing within each'compartment, shift, a rotor element within each compartment and mountedon said shaft, a plurality of rows of Parsons type blading carried bysaid rotorand interposed between-said fixed. sectors, short end blockings at each side of said sectors of guide blades to term inpingementzone or zones, packings between said rotor elements and the casing orpartitions, the packing in front of said rotor element in the directionof flow oi the working fluid. being subjected to a greater pressure thanthe packing at rear of the same rotor element whereby a certain amountoi thrust in a direction opposite to the flow of working fluid isproduced, packings between said partition and said shaft, a

this packing. being of larger diameter than the paekings between theshaft and the partition whereby a further thrust is produced in adirection opposite to the flow of steam, an annular admission reactionturbine receiving the working fluid exhausted from the last of saidcompartments, and a balancing piston at the rear end of said annularadmission reaction turbine to complete the balnient, a shaft, a rotorelement within each a packing between said shaft and the casing,

